The Treatment Of PTSD On Veterans - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2194 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Veterans Essay Did you like this example? Post-traumatic stress disorder also known as PTSD is a physiological condition caused by exposure to traumatic events in a humans life experience. This condition is mostly diagnosed to those recognized as veterans. They have lived their life to serve but experience lifes most traumatic events while doing their job. For example, have you ever had a bomb or many shots fired towards you while trying to save someone elses life, well they have, so any thing that triggers that can affect their whole life. Post-traumatic stress disorder affects veterans in many ways and it leaves them scarred with flashbacks from the event or events that traumatized them. According to one of the veterans returning from war said the following, The first time I experienced what I now understand to be post-traumatic stress disorder, I was in a subway station in New York City, and Id just come back from two months in Afghanistan I was on assignment to write a profile of Massoud, who fought a desperate resistance against the Taliban until they assassinated him two days before 9/11. At one point during my trip we were on a frontline position that his forces had just taken over from the Taliban, by the time I got home, though, I wasnt thinking about that or any of the other horrific things wed seen; I mentally buried all of it until one day, a few months later, when I went into the subway. Suddenly I found myself backed up against a metal support column, absolutely convinced I was going to die. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Treatment Of PTSD On Veterans" essay for you Create order There were too many people on the platform, the trains were coming into the station too fast, the lights were too bright, the world was too loud. I couldnt quite explain what was wrong, but I was far more scared than Id ever been in Afghanistan. I stood there with my back to the column until I couldnt take it anymore, I had no idea that what Id just experienced had anything to do with combat; I just thought I was going crazy. (Jonathan Franzen, pg 86) Post-traumatic stress disorder affects your behavior that is agitation where they are flooded with some sort of nervous excitement and anxiety, irritability, hostility, hypervigilance, self-destructive behavior, or social isolation. Then there is the Psychological side which includes flashback, fear, severe anxiety, or mistrust. It affects their Mood, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, guilt, or loneliness. And then is also often followed by insomnia or nightmares, emotional detachment or unwanted thoughts. These are the most common effects that post-traumatic stress disorder has on veterans and it can come in a various amount of intensity and then that causes for different types of treatment. The effects of post-traumatic stress disorder include the re-experiencing of the traumatic event that the victim experienced, it varies from having mental flashbacks, intrusive memories or bad dreams and this has a detrimental effect on the mentality of the victim. The other form of re-experiencing is physical memories; at times the body remembers what the mind forgot or the mind may just have shut down due to the intensity of the traumatic experience. Post-traumatic stress disorder doesnt just affect veterans but it affects their families too. They experience withdrawals from their friends and families and their loved ones dont always understand why they do what they do. Another post-traumatic stress disorder victim stated the following: I had classic short-term post-traumatic stress disorder. From an evolutionary perspective, its exactly the response you want to have when your life is in danger: you want to be vigilant, you want to react to strange noises, you want to sleep lightly and wake easily, you want to have flashbacks that remind you of the danger, and you want to be, by turns, anxious and depressed. Anxiety keeps you ready to fight, and depression keeps you from being too active and putting yourself at greater risk. This is the universal human adaptation to danger that is common to other mammals as well. It may be unpleasant, but its preferable to getting eaten. (Because post-traumatic stress disorder is so adaptive, many have begun leaving the word disorder out of the term to avoid stigmatizing a basically healthy reaction.) (Barbara Krasner, pg147) Post-traumatic stress disorder is a completely natural response to danger and it is unavoid able in the short term but it usually gets better in the long term. Around twenty percent of people who are exposed to a traumatic event get chronic post-traumatic stress disorder which usually ends up affecting the victim long term. Rape is a very traumatic experience to the victim but studies show that forty-seven percent of rape survivors have been able to recover enough to continue living their lives normally. Although combat can be very traumatic it is generally less traumatic than rape. Combat is mixed with positive experiences that are attached to the negative experiences that caused the victim to suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder and it is hard to separate the positive experiences from the negative experiences which in turn makes it easier to recover from. There for the therapy for rape and combat victims are also different just because with rape victims they usually dont have a part from the experience that they would like to retain where for combat vitamins they would want to keep some of the memories that come with their experienc e. According to David Marlowe that did a survey about the gulf war , combat veterans said that killing or even the witnessing of killing a enemy soldier was more traumatic that being self-wounded, but the most traumatic experience would be witnessing the killing of one of your friends in a war and they are usually harder to recover from and it triggers severe cases of post-traumatic stress disorder. Even though these experiences are traumatizing roughly eighty percent of victims recover from the events, although the victims recover from their traumatic experiences they never forget the memories of the experience. Treatment is very essential to all post-traumatic stress disorder victims but the treatment varies from all victims due to the different intensities of traumatic events. Traumatic event victims usually deal with a group of problems including, nightmares, intrusive memories, irritability, insomnia, hypervigilance, and emotional detachment. victims dealing with those Post Traumat ic Stress Disorder symptoms show changes in their social, emotional, and physical well-being. They find it difficult to continue with their normal lives and they find it hard to interact with their family and friends who do not understand what they are going through. Treatments have been making use and intergrading the use of high tech into the therapy sessions and the intergrading of virtual reality are becoming more common in these therapys, The belief in the therapeutic power of confronting the source of ones anxieties and fears is as old as the practice of psychotherapy itself. New technology, however, has given this a decidedly modern twist. While its easy to recreate the feared situation in therapy with a patient with a fear of heights or elevators, creating an opportunity for veterans to confront and gain mastery over their battlefield experiences has not been. Researchers at Emory University and the Georgia Institute of Technology were the first to create a Virtual Vietnam to treat veterans with PTSD. Over the years, they have developed this technology to create a 360-degree digital environment complete with the sights and sounds of a Middle East conflict zone, including gunfire noises, radio chatter, and aircraft flyovers. A vibrating ch air can even mimic the feeling of distant explosions or Humvee driving, all within the safe confines of the therapy office. During these treatment sessions, veterans are able to engage their senses in a more modulated, controlled, and secure way while gaining insights and new perspectives through talking about their experiences. This work has demonstrated some early and promising results from simple phobias to PTSD, including in some who had failed to respond to other treatments based on imaginal exposure. Virtual reality programs have been adapted for use with survivors of the World Trade Center or other terrorist attacks and even for motor vehicle accidents. Tetris: Forget Angry Birds, Tetris was the original addictive digital time-suck. Oxford University researchers claim that the colorful puzzle block game can serve as a cognitive vaccine against intrusive traumatic memories. In a series of experiments, researchers exposed non-clinical volunteers to graphic and traumatic film scenes. After the film, volunteers were assigned to either play Tetris, complete a Pub Quiz video game, or do nothing and asked to record any intrusive memories of the film images occurring to them throughout the week. Participants who played Tetris had significantly fewer intrusive memories than those who did not. The researchers propose that the visuospatial task of fitting Tetris blocks into incessantly growing piles uses up the brains visual resources and interferes with its ability to encode visual trauma memories that are the building blocks of symptomatic re-experiencing and flashbacks. Before you dust off that old Nintendo Game Boy, note that the findings are preliminary, without independent replication yet, and based on healthy undergrad volunteers exposed to video clips instead of actual trauma survivors. Still, this innovative and intriguing line of research points to the possibility of simple and proactive approaches to preventing or reducing PTSD development. Currently, there are only two FDA-approved medications for the treatment of PTSD [sertraline (Zoloft) and paroxetine (Paxil)]. The evidence on the effectiveness of these anti-depressant medications and other medications used off-l abel for PTSD-related symptoms is limited and the medications often come with problematic side effects that many users find disagreeable. Instead, researchers are rounding up some unusual suspects and looking at new uses for some already well-known drugs. D-cycloserine (DCS): DCS is a broad-spectrum antibiotic which has been used in clinical trials to improve learning in rats and humans. DCS helps activate NMDA receptors in the brain which are associated with learning and memory formation. DCS-treated rats are able to learn fear extinction more quickly, taking far fewer trials to stop being afraid of a non-harmful stimulus (e.g. a flashing light) that they had once been taught to fear (by pairing the light with a loud noise, for example). While stress responses in traumatic situations such as combat are appropriate and even adaptive, the problem with PTSD is that extremely heightened fear responses continue to occur in non-life threatening situations (such as in a noisy restaurant or when a loud truck drives by). Exposure to non-threatening but anxiety-provoking situations offers a chance to regulate these fear responses, and DCS may accelerate this process. When used with therapeutic exposure sessions or virtual reality exposure, DCS seems to enhance treatment effectiveness for phobias and panic disorder and may do the same for PTSD (though very preliminary results are uncertain). MDMA: On the streets its known as Ecstasy, but in the research lab its known as 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, or MDMA. This illegal recreational psychedelic party drug associated with raves and mind-numbing trance music is believed by some to have potential therapeutic benefits. After years of campaigning, researchers from the Medical University of South Carolina and the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies in California got the FDA and DEA to approve a small pilot clinical trial of MDMA administration for treatment resistant PTSD sufferers. Under close clinical monitoring and in conjunction w ith intensive psychotherapeutic engagement, 20 participants were randomized to two administrations of either MDMA or placebo. While the trial was extremely small and the results anything but conclusive, 83% of the MDMA group exhibited substantial treatment response compared to 25% in the placebo group. Distress tolerance therapies: One major aspect that differentiates PTSD from other normative reactions to traumatic experiences is the presence of emotional detachment/numbing/dissociation. The bodys emotional system seems to log off or anesthetize in an effort to cope with the overwhelming stress of traumatic events. Unfortunately, this shutting down can cause drastic consequences for everyday functioning. Therapies like Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, or Mindfulness approaches focus on reducing emotional avoidance, tolerating distressing affects, and engaging in life with full, focused and controlled attention and acceptance. Interpersonal and family therapies: While a number of standard PTSD psychotherapies prioritize exposure methods, some individuals are reluctant to unde rgo re-experiencing approaches or are turned off by such treatments. Not all psychotherapy for PTSD needs to be trauma-focused, however. Like most problems, PTSD occurs in a social context and comes with unique interpersonal costs and challenges. PTSD symptoms are related to intimate relationship troubles, relational detachment, and even interpersonal aggression. Social support is a strong buffer against the development of PTSD symptoms following a trauma, and couples and family-oriented interventions help individuals engage and enlist their families and social supports in recovery. These treatments can help rewrite dysfunctional family scripts and engender trust, agency, and security. Present-centered approaches focus on current adaptations to symptomatic problems while interpersonal therapy works on adapting to problematic role transitions following traumatic events or interpersonal role disputes with significant others at work or at home. The effectiveness of these approaches illustrates that problematic trauma reactions can be managed with less of a focus on the traumatic past and more of an eye toward interpersonal adaptation and post-traumatic growth.

Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility And Fiduciary...

doctors, would help with responsible leadership in business† (Archbishop of Wales calls for ethical business). It is probably the case that all businesses should sign the oath, this gives consumers to show that they are dedicated to being an ethical business. There are numerous of old businesses that can steer the new business in an unethical direction in this field. By adapting business ethic terms and look for examples in the business fields that have an ethical or unethical reputation, this will give the opportunity for the business leaders to steer their employees into a healthy environment for their business to go the right direction. The definition of business ethics is the study of proper business policies and practices regarding potentially controversial issues. These issues include the global codes of ethics, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility and fiduciary responsibilities. Adopting business ethics is a critical aspect in a business organization. A business owner or employees will encounter people questioning the business practices the leaders run. This is critical for the business leaders to answer the question or it will be a bad reputation for your business. Questions that people ask relating to a minor business can include the education the business leader provide to for their staff or ask about the purpose of their sanitation or hygiene policy. While in a famous business, they may ask about â€Å"Health, Labor, and Benefits.† No matter whatShow MoreRelatedIntroduction. A Code Of Ethics Is A Formal Statement Of1343 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction A code of ethics is a formal statement of what your business prospects in the way of ethical behavior. Ethics and its unique social function to influence the development of an organization. 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Ella Fitzgerald free essay sample

New York with her mother shortly after her birth. In 1 932, Fitzgerald mother died and she moved In with her aunt. She was eventually sent to a reform school, but ran away at the age of fifteen and was homeless for a while. She found work wherever she could, but it was a struggle. Looking back on those days, she chose to use the memories as inspiration to bring emotion to her singing. Growing up, Fitzgerald was a fan of Jazz musicians such as Louis Armstrong and Being Crosby, but she had always dreamed of being a dancer.In 1934, the Apollo Theater in Harlem had an amateur night. Fitzgerald was planning on dancing, until she saw all of the talented dancers that went before her. She then decided to sing, and ended up winning the contest and the $25 prize. She was seventeen years old at the time. In January 1935, Fitzgerald was introduced to Chick Webb, who was looking for a singer to Join his orchestra. We will write a custom essay sample on Ella Fitzgerald or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He almost didnt hire her because of her looks, but he gave her a chance and audiences loved her. Fitzgerald played with Webb until his death In 1939. She then became the bandleader for three more years, before embarking on a solo career.Fitzgerald had hit after hit during this time and in 1938 she recorded A Tickets a Tasked which sold one million copies and was number one on the charts for seventeen weeks. In 1942, Fitzgerald signed with Decca label and recorded with many musicians such as Benny Goodman, Louis Armstrong and Count Basis. Then in 1946, Fitzgerald began touring with Jazz at the Philharmonic throughout the United States and in Europe. This gave her world-wide attention and she soon became one of the best- known international Jazz performers. Fitzgerald performed Jazz throughout her life, but In the 1 sass she began incinerating on popular music.In 1956, Fitzgerald began to record a number of songbooks, working with the artists of Cole Porter, Duke Longtime and George Gershwin. She sang everything from bop to swing to well-known standards. These songbooks represented an attempt to cross over to a non-jazz audience. In 1970, Fitzgerald performed regularly with a number of symphony orchestras, as well as many famous artists such as Frank Sinatra. She also performed with a trio led by Tommy Flanagan. She also was featured in a number of films throughout her career. Fitzgerald retired in 1990 due to poor health. She died in 1996 at the age of seventy-nine.Throughout her life, she had great success, winning thirteen Grammas. She also sold over forty million albums and was presented the National Medal of Arts by President Reagan. Fitzgerald had a wide range (three octaves) and a very versatile voice. Bebop had a huge Impact on her and she became a premier scat singer. An example of this Is her song One Note Samba. She has an amazing ability to form many different sounds quickly, producing the sound of instruments with her voice. She had a powerful, strength was Black Coffee. It was a slower-tempo song that expressed great motion. Summertime was a song that Fitzgerald performed using a smooth swing style. Her tones are very pure and every word is clear and flows to the next. She also improve runs which adds to the Jazz feeling of the song. This song also highlighted her range. Another song with a swing feel was Sweet Georgia Brown. Again, Fitzgerald has clear diction and pure tones that make her a pleasure to listen to. Music does not have to have words, but as we have seen in the case of Fitzgerald, words can often add to the song and help people relate to and enjoy the storyline.Some instrumental pieces are great without words, but the passion Fitzgerald adds with her voice makes her music very enjoyable and enhances the listening experience. Even though many of Fitzgerald songs are considered popular music, she definitely is singing Jazz. She used scat singing in many of her songs along with a lot of improve. Other elements of Jazz in her songs are a steady beat and swing feel. The instruments that accompany her also have Jazz elements such as piano coming and time keeping provided by the bass and drums. Its no wonder she was known as the Queen of Jazz. Ella Fitzgerald free essay sample There are many major developments that one can consider when discussing the influence that contemporary classical music, particularly the language of chromatics, pan-tonality, atonality and surrealism have had on the impact of Jazz. In this piece I Intend to focus on developments in modern and post-modern culture that have seen contemporary classical music flourish Into a proliferation of new styles and sounds. To help explain this I will give a brief history as well as use examples from and explore how they have been influenced as well as influenced new styles and sounds in an amalgam of musical genre.History Western classical music, which has evolved over centuries, offers a richly varied repertoire of forms and styles, both instrumental and vocal, from the Baroque Era (1600-1799), with influential artists such as Bach, Mozart and Haydn to The Romantic Century (1800-1899), with artists such as Mozart, Wagner and Mussorgsky. In The Century of Modernism (1900-today) classical music h as played an even greater part In the Influence and proliferation of Jazz and contemporary music genre. We will write a custom essay sample on Ella Fitzgerald or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Majority of popular styles in Western and European countries lend themselves to the song form, lassie music can also takes on the form of a concerto, symphony, opera, dance music, suite, etude or symphonic poem. Classical composers have often aspired to Imbue their music with a very complex relationship between Its affective (emotional) content and the intellectual means by which it is achieved. Many of the most esteemed works of classical music make use of musical development, repeated in different contexts or In altered form.It is visible when comparing contemporary classical music and Jazz there is a connection between the technical mastery and the habitation of musical engage. An influential composer who possibly was one of the flirts to develop modern classical music into transition was Arnold Schoenberg. Perhaps the most fundamental of all Schoenberg creative decisions had been taken before the end of the war were his works demonstrate musical concepts moving away from the trad itional tonal techniques he traditionally used to compose. Whitehall, peg 1 60) Works of Schoenberg that demonstrate this transition are Vertebrate Nacho, Pleas undo Melanesian and The first Chamber Symphony. The relationship between keys and armory were taken to new levels by Schoenberg were he Is considered the Innovator In 12 tone music. HIS deep Involvement In the reinterpretation of traditional concepts, notably of the way in which unity maybe expressed through the use of contrapuntal textures and symmetrical forms have been a foundation for other composers and students of Schoenberg. Ella Fitzgerald free essay sample Assessment 5 There are many major developments that one can consider when discussing the influence that contemporary classical music, particularly the language of chromaticism, pan-tonality, atonality and serialism have had on the impact of Jazz. In this piece I intend to focus on developments in modern and post-modern culture that have seen contemporary classical music flourish into a proliferation of new styles and sounds. To help explain this I will give a brief history as well as use examples from †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and explore how they have been influenced as well as influenced new styles and sounds in an amalgam of musical genre. History Western classical music, which has evolved over centuries, offers a richly varied repertoire of forms and styles, both instrumental and vocal, from the Baroque Era (1600-1799), with influential artists such as Bach, Mozart and Haydn to The Romantic Century (1800-1899), with artists such as Mozart, Wagner and Mussorgsky. In The Century of Modernism (1900-today) classical music has played an even greater part in the influence and proliferation of Jazz and contemporary music genre. We will write a custom essay sample on Ella Fitzgerald or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Majority of popular styles in Western and European countries lend themselves to the song form, classical music can also takes on the form of a concerto, symphony, opera, dance music, suite, etude or symphonic poem. Classical composers have often aspired to imbue their music with a very complex relationship between its affective (emotional) content and the intellectual means by which it is achieved. Many of the most esteemed works of classical music make use of musical development, repeated in different contexts or in altered form. It is visible when comparing contemporary classical music and Jazz there is a connection between the technical mastery and the hybridization of musical language. An influential composer who possibly was one of the first to develop modern classical music into transition was Arnold Schoenberg. ‘Perhaps the most fundamental of all Schoenberg’s creative decisions had been taken before the end of the war were his works demonstrate musical concepts moving away from the traditional tonal techniques he traditionally used to compose’. Whitehall, pg 160)

One Flew Over The Cookoos Nest Essays - , Term Papers

One Flew Over The Cookoo's Nest One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest The first thing that struck me about this movie is that I didnt see much in the way of treatment or therapy. I saw the mentally ill being housed instead of being treated. I didnt feel that the nurses were interested in helping these people, but in controlling them. The therapy sessions werent about therapy at all, but an opportunity for Nurse Ratchett to manipulate and intimidate her patients into submission. No one was allowed to have independent thoughts or feelings. Randall McMurphy takes all of his fellow patients at face value, expects no more than they can give. He tries to help them enjoy their lives, and find some happiness in them. He has no need for authority, and tries to manipulate the others into standing up to Nurse Ratchett. He earns the respect of the other patients, and they try to change things in their lives. At every step, however, he is punished severely (called treatment in the movie) for disrupting the order of the institution. While I believe that Randall had issues, I dont think he had any business being institutionalized. I also felt that while his motives were good in trying to bring the patients some control over their own lives, he didnt understand that some order was necessary for these patients. In a lot of ways I saw similarities between Nurse Ratchett and Randall. They were both the extreme of an idea. Randall wanting to embrace life, and having no boundaries or rules, Nurse Ratchett wanting to embrace boundaries and rules, and not allowing anyone to live. They both use manipulation to gain control over the other patients, and they both see themselves as above the patients. This movie was a tragedy. I dont think Nurse Ratchett and Randall McMurphy once had the best interests of the other patients in mind, I believe the patients were caught in a power struggle between the two, and used to gain control, with tragic results. Psychology Essays